非谓语动词作用
非谓语动词(Non-finite verbs)是英语中一种特殊类型的动词,它们在句子中起非正式、抽象或完成体的作用。非谓语动词通常不用作谓语,而是作为主语、宾语、定语、状语等句子成分的一部分。以下是非谓语动词的一些主要作用:
1. 作为主语:非谓语动词可以表示一个事件、状态或过程,从而充当句子的主语。例如:
- Speaking of her, she is a great speaker. (Speaking是非谓语动词,用作主语)
- To learn a language is fun. (To learn是非谓语动词,用作主语)
2. 作为宾语:非谓语动词可以作为及物动词或介词的宾语。例如:
- I enjoy reading. (Enjoy是非谓语动词,用作宾语)
- She gave me a book. (Give是及物动词,但Give可以用作非谓语动词,用作宾语)
3. 作为定语:非谓语动词可以修饰名词或代词,起到形容词的作用。例如:
- The running water in the river is soothing. (Running是非谓语动词,用作定语修饰water)
- He is the person to ask about it. (To ask是非谓语动词,用作定语修饰person)
4. 作为状语:非谓语动词可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、让步等,从而充当句子的状语。例如:
- Having finished my homework, I went out to play. (Having finished是非谓语动词,用作状语)
- Since you are late, you should apologize. (Since是连词,引导原因状语从句)
5. 表示完成体:非谓语动词可以表示动作的完成或实现,从而在句子中起到完成体的作用。例如:
- I have finished my report. (Have finished是非谓语动词,表示完成的动作)
- They will have built the bridge by next year. (Will have built是非谓语动词,表示到明年将完成的动作)
6. 表示进行体:非谓语动词可以表示正在进行的动作或持续的状态,从而在句子中起到进行体的作用。例如:
- She is studying English. (Studying是非谓语动词,表示正在进行的动作)
- The building is being constructed. (Being constructed是非谓语动词,表示正在进行的状态)
总之,非谓语动词在句子中起着丰富多样的作用,它们可以使句子更加灵活、生动和富有表现力。